Algae toxins may be erasing memory of sea lions, study shows

A toxin in algae may be erasing the memory of sea lions, which wash ashore by the hundreds each year off the coast of California, disoriented and suffering seizures, scientists said Monday. Known as domoic acid, the substance is produced naturally by marine algae, but can harm sea lions’ ability to navigate the waters and remember where to find food, said the findings in the journal Science. Domoic acid builds up in shellfish, anchovies, sardines and other small fish that feed on algae filtered from the water.

This is the first evidence of changes to brain networks in exposed sea lions, and suggests that these animals may be suffering a broad disruption of memory, not just spatial memory deficits.

Peter Cook, at Emory University

It is unclear if the toxin is the cause of what marine authorities have described as an “unusual mortality event”, in which thousands of sea lions have washed up on the shores of California – 10 times as many in the first five months of this year compared to the same five month period from 2004 to 2012 – according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Toxic algae blooms commonly occur in the spring and fall off California, but have been getting worse and more frequent in recent years. The study – by scientists at the University of California Santa Cruz, UC Davis and the Marine Mammal Center in Sausalito, California – relied on brain scans and behavioral tests of California sea lions.

Sea lions are dynamically foraging – and for an animal like that, if you don’t know where you are, you have a big problem.

Charan Ranganath, of UC Davis

Science sea lions